Hardening Windows & Doors with Hurricanes & Severe Weather in Mind

Windows and doors are two of the most vulnerable parts of a home during severe weather events. When hurricanes, tornadoes, hail, or other intense storms strike, these openings are exposed to strong winds, flying debris, and heavy rain, increasing the risk of breakage and water infiltration.

This article covers strategies to strengthen windows and doors, providing your home with greater protection and ensuring that these critical entry points are secured against the elements.

Windows: Reinforcing Against Breakage

Windows are prone to shattering under the force of high winds or when struck by debris. Broken windows allow rain and wind to enter, which can cause significant damage to your home’s interior. Consider the following reinforcement strategies to secure your windows:

Impact-Resistant Windows: In storm-prone areas, upgrading to impact-resistant windows is one of the best ways to protect against wind and debris. Impact-resistant windows are designed with multiple layers of glass and a layer of Laminate, which holds the glass together even if it cracks. This can prevent dangerous shards from flying inside and help to keep wind and rain out. Impact-Resistant Glass meets the standards of building codes in hurricane-prone areas and can be a worthwhile investment for added security.
Storm Shutters: Storm shutters provide a physical barrier over your windows, shielding them from high winds, debris, and hail. There are several types of shutters to choose from:
- Accordion Shutters: These fold out from the sides of windows and offer permanent protection that can be deployed quickly.
- Roll-Down Shutters: Rolled up above the window when not in use, these shutters can be lowered either manually or automatically to provide strong coverage.
- Panel Shutters: These are removable panels made from aluminum or Steel, which can be quickly attached to windows during storm season.
- Bahama Shutters: These shutters attach to the top of the window and offer storm protection as well as shade. They are hinged so that they can be closed over the window in case of severe weather.
Note: In some regions, local building codes may require certain types of storm shutters. Be sure to choose a style that meets both your needs and local requirements.
Window Film: While not as strong as impact-resistant glass or storm shutters, safety and security window film can reinforce existing windows. This clear, adhesive film adds a layer of shatter-resistance by holding the glass together if it breaks. However, note that window film provides less protection against large debris compared to shutters or impact-resistant windows.
Plywood Panels: For temporary protection in emergencies, securing plywood panels over your windows can provide a cost-effective barrier. Ensure that the panels are at least ⅝-inch thick and cut to fit the entire window frame. Attach them securely with Screws or bolts, preferably with anchors installed in advance.

Doors: Fortifying Entry Points

Doors are essential not only for security but also for preventing high winds from entering and pressurizing your home. If wind enters through a door, it can increase internal pressure and lead to structural damage. Here’s how to strengthen your doors:

Impact-Resistant Doors: Just like windows, doors are available in impact-resistant models designed for hurricane-prone areas. These doors are reinforced with additional layers and are often constructed from steel or Fiberglass, which can better withstand flying debris and high winds.
Storm Doors: Storm doors provide an additional layer of protection, reinforcing the main entry door. They are typically installed on the outside of your main door and can help keep out rain, wind, and debris. Look for storm doors with a strong frame and Tempered Glass that meets local building codes.
Door Bracing Systems: Door braces are designed to hold doors in place under intense wind pressure. A door brace bar installs on the inside of the door and adds stability by connecting the door to the floor. These braces are especially useful for double doors, which can be more vulnerable to wind penetration.
Secure Hinges and Bolts: Ensure that exterior doors have at least three heavy-duty hinges to provide stability. Install Deadbolt locks with a throw of at least 1 inch to enhance security. For double doors, make sure to use heavy-duty slide bolts at the top and bottom of one door to anchor it securely to the frame and floor.
Garage Doors: Garage doors are one of the largest and most vulnerable entry points, especially during hurricanes and tornadoes. Consider upgrading to a hurricane-rated garage door or adding a reinforcement kit. These kits include braces and additional tracks that can prevent the door from buckling or blowing in during high winds.

Waterproofing and Sealing Techniques

Both windows and doors are vulnerable to water infiltration if they aren’t properly sealed. To keep rain and floodwaters out, it’s essential to inspect seals and replace them when necessary:

Weatherstripping: Install weatherstripping around doors and windows to create a tight seal. Weatherstripping can help prevent both water and wind from penetrating, reducing the risk of damage.
Caulking: Apply high-quality Caulk around window frames and door jambs to seal gaps. Look for a flexible, exterior-grade caulk that can expand and contract with changing weather.
Flood Barriers: In flood-prone areas, consider installing flood barriers at ground-level doors. These barriers are usually temporary, easy to install, and prevent water from entering through the base of doors during heavy rain or flooding events.

Regular Inspections and Maintenance

Routine inspections can help identify and address potential issues before storm season arrives. Key maintenance tasks include:

Inspecting Glass and Frames: Check for cracks or gaps in window glass and frames, as these can weaken the structure and increase the risk of breakage. Repair any damage promptly.
Checking Seals: Verify that all weatherstripping and caulking are in good condition. If you notice any worn or missing areas, replace them to ensure a tight seal.
Testing Door Locks and Hinges: Make sure all exterior doors have functional locks and sturdy hinges. Tighten or replace loose screws and lubricate hinges for smooth operation.
Reinforcing Weak Points: If any part of your window or door system seems weakened, reinforce it immediately. This may include installing stronger glass, upgrading hardware, or adding bracing.

Additional Resources

For further guidance on protecting your windows and doors from severe weather, consider these valuable resources:

Fortified Home Program: The Fortified Home program provides guidance on making homes more resilient to natural disasters, including wind and impact protection for windows and doors. Visit Fortified Home to learn more about their standards and certification programs.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): FEMA offers extensive resources on disaster preparedness, including detailed recommendations for securing windows and doors. Visit FEMA’s Preparedness Guide for more tips.

Wrap-Up

By reinforcing your windows and doors, you can help safeguard your home from the dangers of hurricanes, tornadoes, and other severe storms. Investing in impact-resistant glass, storm shutters, and strong door systems can minimize the risk of breakage, water intrusion, and wind damage. Regular maintenance and inspections will keep these vulnerable entry points in top condition, helping you protect your home and belongings when extreme weather strikes.

Through proper preparation, you can ensure that your windows and doors provide the protection your home needs in any storm.