Accessibility

Hardening Your Home with Accessibility Strategies

Creating an accessible home ensures that everyone, regardless of age or physical ability, can navigate the space comfortably and safely. By implementing accessibility features, you support the independence of family members with mobility challenges, making your home welcoming for everyone.

This article covers essential strategies for improving accessibility, from modifying entrances and installing grab bars to making adjustments in kitchens, bathrooms, and common areas.

Improving Entrance Accessibility

Accessible entrances provide ease of access for individuals using wheelchairs, walkers, or strollers. Modifying entryways can help create a welcoming, inclusive environment.

  • Install Ramps or Sloped Walkways: Ramps provide an alternative to steps, allowing wheelchair and walker users to enter the home with ease. When installing a ramp, follow ADA guidelines, which recommend a 1:12 slope ratio (1 inch of rise for every 12 inches of ramp length) for gradual, safe access. Consider non-slip materials for the ramp surface to improve traction in various weather conditions.

  • Use Threshold Ramps or Low-Profile Thresholds: Raised thresholds can be difficult to navigate for individuals using mobility devices. Use low-profile thresholds or install threshold ramps to eliminate tripping hazards and make doorways more accessible. Rubber or aluminum threshold ramps are easy to install and can be customized to fit specific doorway dimensions.

  • Widen Doorways for Wheelchair Access: Widening doorways to at least 32 inches provides sufficient clearance for most wheelchairs and walkers. If widening the doorframe is not feasible, consider using offset Hinges, also known as swing-clear hinges, which allow the door to swing fully open, creating a wider opening.

  • Install Lever-Style Door Handles: Lever-style door handles are easier to use than traditional round Knobs, as they require less grip strength and are more accessible for people with arthritis or limited hand mobility. Replace existing doorknobs with lever handles throughout the home to improve accessibility for all family members.

Making Bathrooms Safer and More Accessible

Bathrooms are often challenging for individuals with mobility issues, but a few modifications can greatly improve safety and accessibility in this area.

  • Add Grab Bars Near Toilets, Tubs, and Showers: Grab bars provide stability and support for individuals when standing up, sitting down, or moving between the Toilet and other bathroom fixtures. Install grab bars in key locations, such as next to the toilet and inside the Shower or bathtub. Be sure to mount grab bars into wall studs to ensure they can support weight securely.

  • Install a Walk-In Tub or Roll-In Shower: Walk-in tubs and roll-in showers eliminate the need to step over high thresholds, making it easier for individuals with limited mobility to bathe independently. Walk-in tubs typically have a door and a built-in seat, while roll-in showers are flush with the floor, allowing for wheelchair access. Non-slip flooring and hand-held showerheads add further convenience and safety.

  • Use a Raised Toilet Seat or Toilet Seat with Armrests: Raised toilet seats reduce the distance needed to sit or stand, making it easier for individuals with limited strength or balance. Some raised seats come with armrests, which provide additional support. Alternatively, consider installing a comfort-height toilet, which is designed to be higher than standard models, reducing strain on the knees and hips.

  • Place Non-Slip Mats and Rugs in Wet Areas: Bathrooms can become slippery, especially around the tub and Sink areas. Use non-slip mats in the shower and bathtub to prevent falls, and place non-slip rugs on the bathroom floor to reduce the risk of slipping on wet tiles. Ensure all mats are securely in place and free from curling edges.

Enhancing Kitchen Accessibility

Kitchens should be designed to allow individuals with varying levels of mobility to safely access appliances, countertops, and storage. Making simple adjustments in the kitchen can improve usability and independence.

  • Lower Countertops and Use Open-Access Cabinets: Lowering Countertop heights makes it easier for individuals using wheelchairs to access kitchen surfaces. Consider installing Pull-Out Shelves or roll-under counters that allow space for a wheelchair to fit comfortably beneath the counter. Open-access cabinets or cabinets with pull-out shelves provide easy access to frequently used items.

  • Use Lever or Touch-Activated Faucet Controls: Lever or touch-activated faucets are easier to operate than traditional twist handles, especially for individuals with limited hand strength or dexterity. Some faucets also offer hands-free activation through motion sensors, allowing for quick and easy access to water without the need to turn knobs.

  • Place Appliances at Accessible Heights: Install appliances, such as microwaves, ovens, and dishwashers, at accessible heights to reduce bending or stretching. Wall ovens with side-opening doors and drawer-style microwaves can be easier to access for wheelchair users. Position the refrigerator, microwave, and other essential appliances within reach of the main work area.

  • Use Induction Cooktops and Safety Features: Induction cooktops are safer for those with mobility challenges, as the Cooktop surface remains cool to the touch, reducing the risk of burns. Some induction cooktops include built-in safety features, such as automatic shutoff and temperature controls. Consider using appliances with front controls, which are more accessible than back-mounted knobs.

Modifying Bedrooms for Comfort and Accessibility

Bedrooms should be designed to support independent living while ensuring comfort and safety. Making a few modifications can enhance bedroom accessibility and create a restful environment for everyone.

  • Adjust Bed Height for Easy Access: Bed height should allow individuals to sit on the edge of the bed with their feet flat on the floor, which makes it easier to get in and out. If the bed is too high, consider using a lower bed frame or removing the box spring. For beds that are too low, bed risers can add extra height.

  • Install Closet Organizers with Adjustable Heights: Organize closets with adjustable rods, pull-down shelves, or low-mounted hooks to provide easy access to clothing and accessories. Use labeled bins or clear storage containers to keep items organized and within reach. For individuals using mobility devices, consider adding a low dresser or open shelving within easy reach.

  • Use Smart Lighting with Remote Control: Smart lighting systems allow you to control lights with a remote, smartphone, or voice commands, making it easier to turn lights on and off from bed. Place light switches within easy reach, and consider using Motion-Activated nightlights to illuminate pathways in the bedroom.

  • Opt for Lever-Style Window Locks and Shades: Window locks with lever handles are easier to operate than traditional twist locks. Consider using shades or Blinds with cordless or remote-control options, which allow for easy adjustments without the need to reach for cords.

Enhancing Hallway and Common Area Accessibility

Hallways and living areas should be wide, clear, and free of obstacles to ensure easy navigation for all family members, particularly those using mobility aids.

  • Widen Hallways and Doorways Where Possible: Hallways and doorways should be at least 36 inches wide to accommodate most wheelchairs. If remodeling is an option, consider widening these spaces to improve accessibility. For areas where widening is not feasible, arrange furniture and remove obstacles to allow for unobstructed movement.

  • Remove Tripping Hazards and Secure Rugs: Tripping hazards, such as loose cords, clutter, and unsecured rugs, should be addressed in all high-traffic areas. Use cord covers and secure any loose rugs with non-slip pads or double-sided tape. Consider eliminating area rugs altogether, especially in hallways and narrow spaces, to create a smooth, unobstructed surface.

  • Install Handrails in Hallways and Other Key Areas: Handrails provide support and stability for those with mobility challenges, especially in long hallways or areas with steps or inclines. Use handrails with a comfortable grip, and mount them securely into wall studs to ensure they can bear weight. Handrails are also helpful near entryways and on either side of indoor stairs.

  • Arrange Furniture for Clear Pathways: In common areas, arrange furniture to allow for clear, wide pathways that can accommodate wheelchairs, walkers, and other mobility aids. Place furniture so that there’s plenty of room to move between pieces without tight turns or obstacles. Choose lightweight, easily movable furniture to make rearranging easier when needed.

Integrating Smart Home Technology for Accessibility

Smart home technology can improve accessibility by allowing users to control various features of the home remotely. Voice-activated devices and smartphone apps offer convenience and enhanced independence.

  • Use Voice-Controlled Smart Assistants: Smart assistants, like Amazon Alexa or Google Home, enable voice control for lighting, thermostats, security systems, and other devices. These assistants allow users to make adjustments hands-free, which is especially useful for those with limited mobility.

  • Install Smart Thermostats with Remote Access: Smart thermostats allow users to adjust the temperature through a smartphone app or voice commands. Place thermostats at accessible heights, and consider models with large, easy-to-read displays. Many smart thermostats also offer energy-saving features and automatic scheduling.

  • Automate Lighting and Window Coverings: Smart lighting systems can be programmed to turn on and off at specific times or in response to motion. Automated shades or blinds offer remote control options, enabling users to adjust natural lighting without needing to reach for cords. These features enhance accessibility and Energy Efficiency.

  • Use Smart Locks and Video Doorbells: Smart locks and video doorbells improve accessibility for those who have difficulty reaching or operating traditional locks. Smart locks can be unlocked remotely via an app, while video doorbells allow users to see and communicate with visitors without needing to open the door. For additional security, consider models with motion-activated alerts.

Additional Resources

For more information on accessibility modifications and home design, explore these resources:

  • National Association of Home Builders (NAHB): The NAHB offers resources on aging-in-place and universal design principles. Visit NAHB’s Home Modification Tips for guidance on making your home more accessible.

  • AARP HomeFit Guide: AARP’s HomeFit Guide provides tips on making homes safe and accessible for aging adults. Visit AARP’s HomeFit Resources for more information on home modifications.

  • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): The ADA website provides guidelines for accessibility, including recommendations for ramps, doorways, and other home modifications. Visit ADA.gov for resources on accessible design.

Wrap-Up

Creating an accessible home promotes independence, safety, and comfort for all family members. From modifying entrances and bathrooms to using smart home technology, these strategies help ensure that everyone can navigate the home with ease. By making thoughtful adjustments, you foster an inclusive environment that meets the diverse needs of your household.

With a proactive approach to accessibility, you can enhance quality of life and make your home a welcoming space for everyone.